Autosomal Recessive & Sex-Linked

The concept of combined Autosomal Recessive and Sex-Linked Recessive inheritance is more complex to follow and to understand because it combines two very different forms of inheritance. The key is to make punnett squares so you can follow the different crosses easily. While there aren't many instances where combining these two modes of inheritance is necessary, there are a few examples of this in cage birds such as combining the Lutino (Sex-Linked Recessive) and Blue (Autosomal Recessive) traits in Lineolated Parakeets.

Example: Combining the Lutino (Sex-Linked Recessive) and Blue (Autosomal Recessive) traits in Lineolated Parakeets.

*Remember for Sex-Linked

ZZ = Male

ZW = Female

ZJ = Green form of the Lutino Gene (dominant)

ZJ = Lutino form of the lutino Gene (recessive)

A = Green form of the Blue Gene (dominant)

a = Blue form of the Blue Gene (recessive)

*Legend of all possible genetic combinations

*NOTE: Split to Blue/Split to Lutino Males, Blue Split to Lutino Males, and Lutino Split to Blue Males & Females can all be considered Split to Creamino

ZJZJAA = Green Male

ZJZJAa = Split to Blue Male

ZJZJaa = Blue Male

ZJZJAA = Split to Lutino Male

ZJZJAa = Split to Lutino & Split to Blue Male

ZJZJaa = Blue Split to Lutino Male

ZJZJAA = Lutino Male

ZJZJAa = Lutino Split to Blue Male

ZJZJaa = Creamino Male

ZJWAA = Green Female

ZJWAa = Split to Blue Female

ZJWaa = Blue Female

ZJWAA = Lutino Female

ZJWAa = Lutino Split to Blue Female

ZJWaa = Creamino Female

Possible Crosses:

1) Green Male x Green Female OR Green Female x Green Male = All Green Offspring

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^J	AAZ^J W
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^J	AA Z^J W

2) Green Male x Split to Blue Female OR Green Female x Split to Blue Male = 50% Green offspring & 50% Split to Blue Offspring

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^J	AAZ^J W
aZ^J	AaZ^J Z^J	AaZ^J W

3) Green Female x Split to Lutino Male = 25% Green Males, 25% Split to Lutino Males, 25% Green Females, & 25% Lutino Females

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^J	AAZ^J W
AZ^j	AAZ^J Z^j	AAZ^j W

* Females can not be Split to Lutino because they only possess one sex chromosome that can carry colour genes (the Z). Males can be Splits/carriers because they possess 2 sex chromosomes that can carry the colour genes and therefore can have both the dominant and recessive forms.

4) Green Male x Blue Female OR Green Female x Blue Male = 100% Split to Blue offspring

	AZ^J	AW
aZ^J	AaZ^J Z^J	AaZ^J W
aZ^J	AaZ^J Z^J	AaZ^J W

5) Green Male x Lutino Female = 50% Split to Lutino Males & 50% Green Females

	A Z^j	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^j	AAZ^J W
AZ^J	AAZ^J Z^j	AAZ^J W

Green Female x Lutino Male = 50% Split to Lutino Males & 50% Lutino Females

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^j	AAZ^J Z^j	AAZ^j W
AZ^j	AAZ^JZ^j	AAZ^j W

6) Green Male x Lutino Split to Blue Female = 25% Split to Lutino Males, 25% Green Females, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, & 25% Split to Blue Females

	AZ^j	aZ^j	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^J Z^j	AAZ^J W	AaZ^J W
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^J Z^j	AAZ^J W	AaZ^J W

Green Female x Lutino Split to Blue Male = 25% Split to Lutino Males, 25% Lutino Females, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^j	AAZ^j Z^J	AAZ^j W
aZ^j	AaZ^j Z^J	AaZ^j W

7) Green Female x Blue Split to Lutino Male = 25% Split to Blue Males, 25% Split to Blue Females, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male, and & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^J	AW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW
aZ^j	AaZ^j Z^J	AaZ^jW

8) Green Female x Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male = 12.5% Green Males, 12.5% Green Females, 12.5% Split to Lutino Males, 12.5% Lutino Females, 12.5% Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Blue Females, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, & 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^J	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^J	AAZ^J W
AZ^j	AAZ^j Z^J	AAZ^j W
aZ^J	AaZ^J Z^J	AaZ^J W
aZ^j	AaZ^j Z^J	AaZ^j W

9) Green Male x Creamino Female = 50% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males & 50% Split to Blue Females

	aZ^j	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^JW
AZ^J	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^JW

Green Female x Creamino Male = 50% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males & 50% Lutino Split to Blue Females

	AZ^J	AW
aZ^j	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^jW
aZ^j	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^jW

10) Split to Lutino Male x Split to Lutino Female OR Split to Lutino female x Split to Lutino Male =

********* Can't happen because Females can not be Split to Lutino *********

11) Split to Lutino Male x Split to Blue Female =12.5% Green Males, 12.5% Split to Lutino Males, 12.5% Green Females, 12.5% Lutino Females, 12.5% Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Blue Females, & 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AAZ^JW	AaZ^JW
AZ^j	AAZ^jZ^J	AaZ^jZ^J	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW

12) Split to Lutino Male x Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Female OR Split to Lutino Female x Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male

***** Can't happen because Females can not be Split to Lutino ******

13) Split to Lutino Male x Lutino Female = 25% Split to Lutino Males, 25% Lutino Males, 25%Green Females, & 25% Lutino Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^j	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^jZ^J	AAZ^JW
AZ^j	AAZ^jZ^j	AAZ^jW

14) Split to Lutino Male x Blue Female = 25% Split to Blue Males, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Split to Blue Females, & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	aZ^J	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW
AZ^j	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^jW

15) Split to Lutino Male x Lutino Split to Blue Female = 12.5% Split to Lutino Males, 12.5% Lutino Males, 12.5% Green Females, 12.5% Lutino Females, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male, 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Male, 12.5% Split to Blue Female, & 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Female.

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^j	aZ^j	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^jZ^J	AaZ^jZ^J	AAZ^JW	AaZ^JW
AZ^j	AAZ^jZ^j	AaZ^jZ^j	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW

16) Split to Lutino Male x Blue Split to Lutino Female =

***** Can't happen because Females can not be Split to Lutino ******

17) Split to Lutino Male x Creamino Female = 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Lutino Split to Blue Males, 25% Split to Blue Females, & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	aZ^j	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^jZ^J	AaZ^JW
AZ^j	AaZ^jZ^j	AaZ^jW

18) Split to Blue Male x Split to Blue Female OR Split to Blue Female x Split to Blue Male = 25% Blue offspring, 50% Split to Blue Offspring, & 25% Green offspring

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AAZ^JW	AaZ^JW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW

19) Split to Blue Female x Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male = 6.25% Green Males, 6.25% Green Females, 12.5% Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Blue Females, 6.25% Split to Lutino Males, 6.25% Lutino Females, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 12.5%Lutino Split to Blue Females, 6.25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, 6.25% Creamino Females, 6.25% Blue Males, & 6.25% Blue Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AAZ^JW	AaZ^JW
AZ^j	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW
aZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW	aaZ^jW

20) Split to Blue Male x Blue Female OR Split to Blue Female x Blue Male = 50% Blue offspring & 50% Split to Blue Offspring

	aZ^J	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JW

21) Split to Blue Male x Lutino Female = 25% Split to Lutino males, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue males, 25% Green Females, & 25% Split to Blue Females

	AZ^j	AW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^j	AAZ^JW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW

Split to Blue Female x Lutino Male = 25% Split to Lutino Males, 25% Lutino Females, 25%Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
AZ^j	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW
AZ^j	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW

22) Split to Blue Male x Lutino Split to Blue Female = 12.5% Split to Lutino Males, 25%Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Green Females, 25% Split to Blue Females, 12.5% Blue Split to Lutino males, & 12.5% Blue Females

	AZ^j	aZ^j	AW	aW
AZ^J	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AAZ^JW	AAZ^JW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW

Split to Blue Female x Lutino Split to Blue Male = 12.5% Split to Lutino Males, 12.5% Lutino Females, 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females, 12.5%Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 12.5% Creamino Females

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
AZ^j	AAZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AAZ^jW	AaZ^jW
aZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW	aaZ^jW

23) Split to Blue Female x Blue Split to Lutino Male = 12.5% Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Blue Females, 12.5% Blue Males, 12.5% Blue Females, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Females, 12.5% Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 12.5% Creamino Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW
aZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW	aaZ^jW

24) Split to Blue Male x Creamino Female = 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, 25% Split to Blue Females, & 25% Blue Females

	aZ^j	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW
AZ^J	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JW

Split to Blue Female x Creamino Male = 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females, 25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 25% Creamino Females

	AZ^J	aZ^J	AW	aW
aZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW	aaZ^jW
aZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW	aaZ^jW

25) Blue Male x Blue Female Or Blue Female x Blue Male = 100% Blue Offspring

	aZ^J	aW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JW

26) Blue Male x Lutino Female = 50% Split to Blue/Split to Lutino Males & 50% Split to Blue Females

	AZ^j	AW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW

Blue Female x Lutino Male = 50% Split to Blue/Split to Lutino Males & 50% Lutino Split to Blue Females

	aZ^J	aW
AZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW
AZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW

27) Blue Female x Blue Split to Lutino Male = 25% Blue Males, 25% Blue Females, 25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 25% Creamino Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	aZ^J	aW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JW
aZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^jW

28) Blue Male x Lutino Split to Blue Female = 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Split to Blue Females, 25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 25% Blue Females

	A Z^j	aZ^j	AW	aW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW
aZ^J	AaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^JW	aaZ^JW

Blue Female x Lutino Split to Blue Male = 25% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females, 25% Blue Split to Lutino Males, & 25% Creamino Females

	aZ^J	aW
AZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW
aZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^jW

29) Blue Female x Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Male = 12.5% Split to Blue males, 12.5% Blue Males, 12.5% Split to Lutino/Split to Blue Males, 12.5% Blue Split to Lutino Males, 12.5% Split to Blue Females, 12.5% Blue Females, 12.5% Lutino Split to Blue Females, & 12.5% Creamino Females

***** Females can not be Split to Lutino******

	aZ^J	aW
AZ^J	AaZ^JZ^J	AaZ^JW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^J	aaZ^JW
AZ^j	AaZ^JZ^j	AaZ^jW
aZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^jW

30) Blue Male x Creamino Female = 50% Blue Split to Lutino Males & 50% Blue Females

	aZ^j	aW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JW
aZ^J	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^JW

Blue Female x Creamino Male = 50% Blue Split to Lutino Males & 50% Creamino Females

	aZ^J	aW
aZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^jW
aZ^j	aaZ^JZ^j	aaZ^jW

31) Lutino Male x Lutino Female = 50% Lutino Males & 50% Lutino Females

	AZ^j	AW
AZ^j	AAZ^jZ^j	AAZ^jW
AZ^j	AAZ^jZ^j	AAZ^jW

32) Lutino Male x Lutino Split to Blue Female = 25% Lutino Males, 25% Lutino Females, 25% Lutino Split to Blue males, & 25% Lutino Split to Blue Females

	AZ^j	aZ^j	AW	aW

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Autosomal Recessive & Sex-Linked